2023世界光子大会暨第12届国际应用光学与光子学技术交流大会

Contact Us

Topic1：Mr. Suo, sonik@csoe.org.cn, 86-22-58168515

Topic2：Ms. WU，wudi@csoe.org.cn, 86-22-58168520

Topic3：Ms. LIU，liuyan@csoe.org.cn，86-22-58168510

Topic4：Ms. ZHANG，zhangshu@csoe.org.cn，86-22-58168542
Topic5：Ms. CAI，cai_ff@csoe.org.cn，86-10-58168541

Topic6：Ms. ZHANG，zhnn_tj@126.com ，86-22-58168512

Topic6 ：Ms. ZHANG，zhangjie@csoe.org.cn，86-22-58168510

Topic7：Ms. ZHANG，zhangjie@csoe.org.cn，86-22-58168510
Topic8：Ms. LIU，liuyan@csoe.org.cn，86-22-58168510

Topic9： Mr. WANG，wanghaiming@csoe.org.cn, 86-22-59013420
Topic10：Ms. WU，wudi@csoe.org.cn, 86-22-58168520

Topic11：Ms. CAI，cai_ff@csoe.org.cn，86-22-58168541

Topic12：Ms. ZHANG，zhangjie@csoe.org.cn，86-22-58168510Topic14：Ms. WU，wudi@csoe.org.cn, 86-22-58168520

Topic15：Ms. ZHANG，zhangshu@csoe.org.cn，86-22-58168542
Topic16：Ms. BAI，by@csoe.org.cn，86-10-63726007
Topic18：Ms. Cao，caochen@csoe.org.cn，86-22-58168873
Topic19：Ms. REN，renjiejie@csoe.org.cn，86-10-63728336

Conference Venue：
China National Convention Center （CNCC）
Address: No.7 Tianchen East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing China
Tel: +86 10 6499 1899 / +86 10 8437 2008

会议地点：
国家会议中心
地址：北京市朝阳区天辰东路7号
请注意：会议代表请从国家会议中心E2门进入

China National Convention Center (CNCC)

CNCC is ideally located in the heart of the Olympic Green, adjacent to the National Stadium (Bird Nest), the National Aquatics Center (Water Cube) and the National Indoor Stadium. The center is China's most versatile international conference venue ideal for congresses, meetings, exhibitions, banquets, product launches, corporate annual dinners, etc. CNCC is also connected with hotels and shopping mall. Surrounded by wide avenues in the Northern Beijing, it is easily accessible by public transportation. You can show the map to the taxi driver to take you to the hotel.

Venue-1

Registration
Registration for Chinese Attendee:
https://b2b.csoe.org.cn/registration/AOPC2023.html

Registration for Foreign Attendee:
https://b2b.csoe.org.cn/registration/AOPC2023_en.html

Registration fee for Chinese Attendee:
3600RMB
2600RMB for full time students

Pay Registration fee for Chinese Attendee:
国内会议代表支付方式：
1. 银行汇款：
学会账号：0200296409200177730
开户银行：工行北京科技园支行
户名：中国光学工程学会

2. 在线支付：
注册完成后，可跳转到在线支付页面，选择“支付宝”在线完成支付。

Registration fee for Foreign Attendee:
650USD

Pay Registration fee for Foreign Attendee:
Payment Type（Please note your name and unit when you pay）：
Remittance transfer
Name & Address：CHINESE SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING/NO.1 BLDG HAIYING ROAD FENGTAI DISTRICT BEIJING CHINA
Number：0200296409200177730
Account Opening Bank：Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Beijing Science and Technology Park Sub-branch（中国工商银行股份有限公司北京科技园支行）
Bank Number：102100029646
Corporate Organization Code：71784043-7
SWIFT CODE：ICBKCNBJBJM

Download Call for papers (in Chinese)

AOPC2023征文通知j.pdf

Download Invitation letter (in Chinese)

邀请函.pdf

Journals

PhotoniX (SCI)

Journal of Electronic Imaging (SCI)

Journal of Applied Remote Sensing (SCI)

Optical Engineering (SCI)

Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS (SCI)

Photonic Sensors (SCI)

Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves (SCI)

Opto-Electronic Advances (SCI)

Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis (SCI)

Journal of Innovative Optical Health Science (SCI)

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering (SCI)

Infrared and Laser Engineering (EI)

Acta Photonica Sinica (EI)

Journal of Semiconductors (EI)

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing

Study on Optical Communications

Journal of Terahertz Science & Electronic Information Technology

SPIE Proceedings (EI)

Abtract Submission

Please submit an Abstract in English for technical review purposes that is suitable for publication to the conference website. If accepted, the contact author will receive notification of acceptance by email. Then, please submit a manuscript in English to SPIE Website.

Abstract submission link : https://b2b.csoe.org.cn/submission/aopc2023.html

Abstract submission deadline: 30 June 2023 (3rd Round)
Abstract template:

Abstract Template.doc

Manuscripts submission links :

OAP1-Laser Technology and Applications
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691952

OAP2-THz Technology and Applications
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691954

OAP3-Infrared Devices and Infrared Technology and Applications
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691956

OAP4-Optoelectronic Devices and Integration
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691958

OAP5-Nano Photonics
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691960

OAP6-Display Technology and Optical Storage
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691962

OAP7-Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691964

OAP8-Optical Sensing and Imaging Technology and Applications
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691966

OAP9-Optical design and manufacturing
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691968

OAP10-Emerging Quantum Technologies
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691970

OAP11-Biomedical Optics
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691972

OAP12-Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691974

OAP14-Novel Technologies and Instruments for Astronomical Imaging and Spectroscopy
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691976

OAP15-AI in Optics and Photonics
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691978

OAP16-Computational Imaging Technology
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691980

OAP18-Optic Fiber Gyro
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691982

OAP19-Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Environmental Effect Technology and Application
/submissions/submit/overview.aspx?EventId=2691984

Manuscripts submission deadline: 15 August 2023

SPIE Manuscript Specifications:

SPIE Manuscript Specifications_4 page papers.pdf

SPIE Proceedings Coordinator：
Nicole Harris
nicoleh@spie.org

Program

25 July 2023
10:00-17:00, AOPC 2023 Registration（Enter from E2 of CNCC）
14:30-16:30, Short Course

26 July 2023
08:30-09:45, AOPC 2023 Opening Ceremony
09:45-11:50, Plenary Talks
13:30-17:00, Conferences Presentation （Conference 1-19）

27 July 2023

08:30-17:00, Conferences Presentation（Conference 1-19）

Plenary Talks

1. Photonics at sub-wavelength scale

ZHANG Xiang（Hong Kong University）

2. Towards first light of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time
Richard de Grijs (Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia)

3. Thin Film Polarizers by Photoalignment and Photoluminescent Displays
HS Kwok (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)

4. The evolution of space optical systems: From aspheres to freeforms
ZHANG Xuejun (Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)

5. From Einstein's curiosity to Jiuzhang quantum computer
LU Chaoyang（University of Science and Technology of China, China）

Technical Program

Technical Program.pdf

Topics:

Topic1: Laser Technology and Applications

Advanced Laser Materials and Laser Technology

Advanced Laser Processing and Manufacturing

Laser Transmission and Communication

Laser field control and beam control

Topic2: THz Technology and Applications

Terahertz radiation technology

Terahertz detection and detection technology

Terahertz transmission technology

Terahertz regulation technology

Terahertz interaction with matter

Terahertz wireless communication

Terahertz imaging

Terahertz spectroscopy

Terahertz interdisciplinary research

Other related technologies

Topic3: Infrared Devices and Infrared Technology and Applications

Novel infrared and photo-electronic materials and manufacturing

Advances in shortwave, mid-wave and long-wave infrared detectors and FPAs

Novel infrared detector and technology

Controlling and integration of refrigerator

Infrared devices and microsystem

Infrared optical materials and manufacturing

Advanced Infrared optical system

Infrared detection and recognition

Novel combination of active and passive optical sensing

Space remote sensing and spectral imaging

Novel imaging reconnaissance and early warning

Low level light devices and applications

Information acquisition and signal processing technologies

Testing and evaluation of infrared imaging and detecting system

Industrial, public security, mechanical and other applications

Machine Vision and Internet of things and other applications

Machine Vision and automatic driving and other applications

Other related technologies

Topic4: Optoelectronic Devices and Integration

Semiconductor lasers and LEDs

Light detection and devices

Silicon Photonics

New material platform for optoelectronics

Optoelectronic integration

Other related technologies

Topic5: Nano Photonics

Nanostructures, nanomaterials, and their fundamental properties

Optoelectronic materials and devices

Micro/nano manufacturing and metrology

Plasmonics and meta-materials

Applications of nano photonics

Other related technologies

Topic6: Display Technology and Optical Storage

Laser display

TFT-LCD

OLED

Mini LED

Micro-LED

Electronic paper display

3D displays

Optical memories for big data storage

Holographic storage

Optical components

Image process

Imaging technologies and devices

Image quality and human vision

Emerging techniques

VR/AR/MR input devices

Touch and Interactive display

Tracking and sensing

Near-eye displays

Vehicle display

VR/AR/MR computer graphics

Distributed VR/AR/MR

Topic7: Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging

Sensor design, development, and characterization

Performance evaluation and calibration of sensors and systems

Atmospheric modeling, compensation and application in environment monitoring

Spectral technologies and application in deep space and astronomy exploration

Target detection, classification and characterization method based on multi/hyperspectral imaging technology

Other related technologies

Topic8: Optical Sensing and Imaging Technology and Applications

Ultra-violet, visible and infrared sensing and imaging

Millimeter, sub-millimeter, and far-infrared detectors and instrumentation

Novel lidar technology

Environment characteristics of target and atmospheric transmission

Ocean optics and detection technology

Combination of active and passive optical sensing

Machine vision, automatic target detection, image processing & analysis

Other related technologies

Topic9: Optical design and manufacturing

Current Developments in Lens Design

Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications

Polymer Optics and Molded Glass Optics: Design, Fabrication, and Materials

Optical Modeling and Performance Predictions

Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces

Laser Beam Shaping

Nonimaging Optics: Efficient Design for Illumination and Solar Concentration

Ultra-precision cutting technology

Abrasive machining process

Optical and laser machining technology

Assist ultra-precision machining approaches

Measurement and characterization of complex geometries

Measurement of surface integrity and defects

Inspection of subsurface damage and material property

Sensors and uncertainties

Ultra-precision system integration and equipment development

Frontiers in ultra-precision and green manufacturing technology

Other related technologies

Topic10: Emerging Quantum Technologies

Practical and long-distance quantum key distribution

quantum memory and quantum repeaters
quantum experiments in space,
quantum photonics
quantum computation with photons and atoms
quantum metrology, quantum state engineering
quantum optics

Topic11: Biomedical Optics

Biomedical optics components, products, instrumentation, and applications

Molecular imaging

Therapeutic lasers

Nano/biophotonics

Biosensors

Spectroscopic/microscopic imaging

Other related technologies

Topic12: Atmospheric and Environmental Optics

Atmospheric optical characteristics

Atmospheric optical remote sensing

Target detection technology in the atmosphere

High-resolution imaging technology in turbulent atmosphere

Atmospheric transmission and correction technology of laser emission

Laser beam quality control and coherent synthesis technology

Other related technologies

Topic14: Novel technologies and instruments for astronomical imaging and spectroscopy
Novel technologies and instruments for astronomical multi-band imaging
Astronomical spectroscopic technologies and instruments
Astrophotonic devices and applications
Novel technologies for astronomical detectors
Laser guide star and astronomical adaptive optics technology

Topic15: AI in Optics and Photonics

Artificial intelligence based optical imaging, sensing, measurement, and display

Computational imaging with deep neural networks

Deep learning enabled advanced bio-imaging and bio-photonics

Deep learning enabled quantum optics

Optical system design by machine learning

Deep learning based optical computing and signal processing

Photonic neuromorphic computing

Optical neural networks

Integrated photonics for artificial neural computing

Theories and technologies of artificial intelligence and deep learning

Computational efficiency aspects of training deep learning networks

Real-time operation of deep learning networks for optics and photonics

Real-time hardware implementation of deep learning processing on embedded processors

Topic16: Computational Imaging Technology

Basic theory of computational imaging

Scattering imaging and non-horizon imaging

3Dimaging

Polarimetry and polarization imaging

Holography and phase imaging

Multi-band imaging and computational spectral imaging

Single-pixel imaging and single-photon imaging

Micro-nano optics and computational imaging

Biomedical and Computational Imaging

Artificial Intelligence and Computational Imaging

Frontier issues in computational imaging

Topic18: Optic Fiber Gyro

Micro/nanostructured Optic gyro

New scheme and technology for Optic fiber gyro

Integrated Technologies for Optic fiber gyro

Optic fiber gyro Reliability, Field Tests and

Topic19: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Environmental Effect Technology and Application

Basic theory of EMC

EMC Management

EMC Measurements

Electromagnetic Environment

Electromagnetic Interference

High Power Electromagnetics

Spectrum Engineering

Low Frequency EMC

Computational Electromagnetics

Signal and Power Integrity

Electromagnetic Biological Effect

EMC Applications

EMC Standards and Rules

Electromagnetic safety

EMC+AI +Big Data

Other related technologies

Committee
Sponsor:
Chinese Society for Optical Engineering (CSOE), China

Technical Co-sponsor:
SPIE, USA

Organizers:
Laser Technology Committee, CSOE
Imaging and Detection Technology Committee, CSOE
Infrared Technology Committee, CSOE
Advanced Optical Manufacturing Youth Expert Committee, CSOE

Co-organizers:
Tsinghua University, China
Beihang University, China
Tianjin University, China
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Tianjin Jinhang Technical Physics Institute
Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity, China
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Test Physics and Numerical Mathematics
Science and Technology on Low-light-level Night Vision Laboratory, China
Science and Technology on Electro-Optical Information Security Control, China
Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Infrared Detector
Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System, Ministry of Education,
Beijing Institute of Technology
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sense
Science and Technology on Optical Radiation Laboratory
Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Scattering Laboratory

Conferences:
Topic1: Laser Technology and Applications

Chairs:

ZHOU Pu, National University of Defense Technology, China

Program Committee:

SHEN Hua, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China

LUO Zhichao, South China Normal University, China

LIN Di, Guangdong University of Technology, China

YAN Jianfeng, Tsinghua University, China

XU Jiangming, National University of Defense Technology, China

Topic2: THz Technology and Applications
Chairs:
ZHU Yiming, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China
LI Chao, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Topic3: Infrared Devices and Infrared Technology and Applications

Chairs:

LI Xue, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, CAS, China

TANG Xin, Beijing Institute of Technology, China

WANG Shumin, Chalmers University of Technology

Program Committee:

CAO Xiancun, China Aviation Kai Mai (Shanghai)Infrared Technology Co., Ltd, China

TANG Shaofan, Beijing Institution of Space Mechanics & Electricity, China

XU Yun, Institute of Semiconductors, CAS, China

YANG Junyan, Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, China

ZHAO Jun, Kunming Institute of Physics, China

Topic4: Optoelectronic Devices and Integration
Chairs:
LIU Jianguo

Topic5: Nano Photonics

Chairs:

ZHAN QIwen, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology

LI Guixin, Southern University of Science and Technology

Technical Program Committee：

CAO Tun, Dalian University of Technology

CHEN Lin, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Qiaoqiang GAN, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology

MEI Ting, Northwestern Polytechnical University

SHI Jinqwei, Beijing Normal University

XU Xiulai, Peking University

ZHANG Douguo, University of Science and Technology of China

Topic6: Display Technology and Optical Storage
Chair:
WANG Yongtian, Beijing Institute of Technology, China
Co-chair:
CAO Liangcai ,Tsinghua University, China
WANG Qionghua,Beihang University,China

Topic7: Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging
Chairs:
FENG Yutao, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, CAS, China
YANG Zongyin, Zhejiang University, China

Topic8: Optical Sensing and Imaging Technology and Applications
Chairs:
JIANG Yadong, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
WANG Xiaoyong, Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity, China
LIU Dong, Zhejiang University, China
XUE Bin,Tianjin University, China

Topic9: Optical design and manufacturing
Chairs:
KONG Lingbao，Fudan University
ZHANG Dawei，University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
Xichun Luo, University of Strathclyde, UK
Co-chairs:
FENG Zexin, Beijing Institute Of Technology
CAO Zhongchen, Tianjin University

Topic10: Emerging Quantum Technologies

Chairs:

LU Chaoyang, University of Science and Technology of China, China

Tim Ralph, University of Queensland, Australia

Committee:

Klaus Jöns , University of Paderborn，Germany

LI Lin, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China

LU He, Shandong University, China

Peter Rhode,University of Technology Sydney, Australia

WANG Dawei, Zhejiang University, China

WANG Jianwei, Peking University, China

XU Kemi, Beijing Institute of Technology, China

Topic11: Biomedical Optics

Chairs:

LIU Liwei, Shenzhen University

FEI Peng, Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Technical Program Committee：

JI Minbiao, Fudan University

LI Dongyu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology

PAN Leiting, Nankai University

SI Ke, Zhejiang University

XIN Hongbao, Jinan University

YANG Weiguo, Photometrics

ZHENG Wei, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology，Chinese Academy of Sciences

ZHAN Qiuqiang, South China Normal University

Topic12: Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
Chairs:
LIU Dong, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, China
Nobuo SUGIMOTO, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
Alexander KONOSHONKIN, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Russia

Topic13: Optical Information and Network

Topic14: Novel technologies and instruments for astronomical imaging and spectroscopy
Chairs:
ZHU Yongtian , Nanjing institute of astronomical optics and technology, CAS, China
XUE Suijian , National Astronomical Observatory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Quentin Parker, The University of Hong Kong
Technical Program Committee：

RAO Changhui, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

SUN Weimin, Harbin Engineering University

CUI Wei, Tsinghua University

DUAN Ran, National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences

GE Jian, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Jean-louis Lizon，European Southern Observatory

Gregory Herczeg，Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University

HE Jinping, Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

ZHANG Ziyang, Westlake University

Topic15: AI in Optics and Photonics
Chairs:
Juejun Hu, MIT
DONG Jianji，Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Topic16: Computational Imaging Technology
Chairs:

CAO Liangcai, Tsinghua University

SHAO Xiaopeng, Xi Dian University

CAO Xun, Nanjing University
Technical Program Committee：

GAO Peng, Xi Dian University

HAN Shensheng, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

SUN Mingjie, Beihang University

SHI Kebin, Peking University

DAI Bo, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology

LIU Fei, Xi Dian University

SU Ping, Tsinghua SIGS

ZUO Chao, Nanjing University of Science and Technology

Topic17: Marine Information Network

Topic18: Optic Fiber Gyro

Topic19: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Environmental Effect Technology and Application

Welcome to AOPC2023

12th Applied Optics and Photonics China (AOPC 2023) will be held in Beijing in 25 to 27 July 2023. Participate in AOPC2023, you will see the latest researches and developments in the field of optics and photonics technologies and applications.
On behalf of the Organizing Committee, we warmly invite optics and photonics scientists, engineers, technicians, enterprisers, graduate students and people simply interested in the technique to attend this unique and innovative conference.

Chairs

General Chairs

Zhang Guangjun
(Chinese Academy of Engineering, China)

Lv Yueguang
(Chinese Academy of Engineering, China)

Bernard Kress
Bernard Kress, Google, USA

Hotel

1.North Star Huiyuan-Prime Hotel
Address: Building D of Hui Yuan prime Hotel , No.8 BeiChen East Road, ChaoYang District, Beijing, China.
北京汇园酒店公寓-贵宾楼
地址：北京市朝阳区北辰东路8号，北辰汇园酒店公寓贵宾楼（D座）

Hotel Booking for Chinese attendee:
请自行提前预定酒店，房价和预定方式如下：
标准间双床：630元/天，含双早
预定房间请联系：周斌 18611250221 【预定时间为8：30-20：00，微信同号】
请注意：会议协议酒店房间有限，请尽早预定，如后续无房请自行预订其他酒店

Hotel Booking for foreign attendee: TBC

2. North Star Yayuncun Hotel
Address: Building A of Hui Yuan prime Hotel, No.8 BeiChen East Road, ChaoYang District, Beijing, China
北京亚运村宾馆
地址：北京市朝阳区北辰东路8号，北辰亚运村宾馆A座

Hotel Booking for Chinese attendee:
请自行提前预定酒店，房价及预定方式：
BC座普通标准间：440元/天，含双早
A座高级标准间：480元/天，含双早
A座豪华大床房：480元/天，含单早
预定房间请联系：周斌 18611250221 【预定时间为8：30-20：00，微信同号】
会议协议酒店房间有限，请尽早预定，如后续无房请自行预订其他酒店

Hotel Booking for foreign attendee: TBC

亚运村

SPIE Proceeding
TBC

Invited Talks

Technical Program

Technical Program.pdf

Conference Contribution
1

Transportation

Venue-3

Forum and Training

Short Course

Tiime: 14:30 to 16:30, Tuesday 25 July

Location: 302A+B, Level 3, Convention Area, CNCC

Topic1: HKU's Lab for Space Research and the Emerging Newspace Economy. Does China have the "right stuff" ？

Speaker: Quentin Parker, University of Hong Kong

Topic2: Probe the Dynamic Universe with the China Sky-Eye FAST

Speaker: LI Di, National Astronomical Observatory, CAS, China

Visa Application
TBC

Poster
Poster template:

AOPC2023 Poster Template-80cmx80cm.pptx

about Beijing

The Palace Museum

The Palace Museum was commissioned by the third Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Yong Le. The palace was built between 1406 and 1420, but was burnt down, rebuilt, sacked and renovated countless times, so most of the architecture you can see today dates from the 1700's and on wards. The Forbidden City was the seat of Imperial power for 500 years, and is now a major tourist attraction in China. The total area of the complex is 183 acres, so it takes quite a while to walk through, especially if you want to have a close look at everything. All together there are 9,999 1/2 rooms in the Museum, not all of which can be visited.

The Temple of Heaven

The Temple of Heaven was initially built in the eighteenth year of the Ming Dynasty (in 1420). Situated in the southern part of the city, it covers an area of 273 hectares. It is a place where Emperors from both the Ming and Qing Dynasties' traveled to worship and to pray for good harvest. The northern part of the Temple is round in contrast to the southern part, which is square, implying that "the sky is round and the earth is square" to symbolize both heaven and earth. There are a lot of prominent places in this park such as the Circular Mound Altar, the Imperial Vault of Heaven, the Long Corridor, the Echo Wall, the Seven-Star Stone and many other areas of historic interest and panoramic beauty. In 1998, it was included in the "List of World Heritages" by the United Nation's Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

The Great Wall at Badaling

The Great Wall at Badaling is located in Yanqing County, which is about 60 kilometers northwest of Beijing. It is widely known as the most representative section of the "Great Wall" from the Ming Dynasty. Well laid out with huge uniform bricks, the wall was built on the ridges of the mountains. Various beacon towers were erected at strategic points along the wall. Badaling is a place of strategic importance and its wall is both tall and sturdy. With its many beacon towers, the wall looks magnificent and best epitomizes the magnificence of traditional Chinese architecture.

The Summer Palace

The history of Summer Palace extends as far back as 800 years. In 115 B.C, when the Jin Dynasty made Beijing--then called Yanjing-- its capital, it built an imperial palace that was then referred to as the Golden Hill Palace. The structure still remains on the present site of what residents and tourists both recognize as the Summer Palace of Beijing.